Pengaruh Isometric Exercise terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi: Narrative Review
Effect of Isometric Exercise on Reducing Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension: Narrative Review
Abstract
Hipertensi menjadi penyebab utama kematian dini di seluruh dunia sehingga sering disebut sebagai “the silent killer”. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan menjadi 34,1% pada tahun 2018 dan banyak dialami kelompok lansia. Isometric exercise adalah suatu latihan yang bertujuan untuk mengaktivasi otot secara berkelanjutan dengan peningkatan ketegangan, tidak disertai dengan perubahan panjang jaringan otot yang diaktivasi dan tanpa perubahan sudut sendi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh isometric exercise dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi dan metode isometric exercise apa saja yang dapat digunakan. Hasil: didapatkan 8 artikel dengan karakteristik pasien lansia dengan hipertensi tanpa penyakit penyerta. Mode latihan isometric exercise yang dapat diberikan yaitu isometric handgrip exercise, isometric wall squat, dan isometric leg exercise. Latihan mode isometric handgrip exercise dapat diberikan dengan frekuensi 3-4 kali per minggu, dilakukan selama 4x2 menit hingga 20-30% MVC, rest 1 menit, untuk penerapan mode latihan isometric wall squat dengan frekuensi 3 kali per minggu, wall squat dilakukan selama 4x2 menit, istirahat 2 menit antar sesi dan 95% HR maks, sedangkan dosis penerapan mode latihan leg isometric exercise dapat diberikan dengan frekuensi 3 kali per minggu, 4x2 menit hold dengan 20%MVC dan waktu istirahat 2 menit antar sesi, 85% HR maks. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah Isometric exercise dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi dengan mode latihan yaitu isometric handgrip exercise, isometric wall squat, dan isometric leg exercise.
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