The Manajemen Fisioterapi Pada Rheumatoid Arthritis: Laporan Kasus
Physiotherapy Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Case Report
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) merupakan penyakit autoimun kronis yang ditandai dengan peradangan sendi, nyeri, kekakuan, spasme otot, kelemahan otot, keterbatasan lingkup gerak sendi (LGS), hingga penurunan aktivitas fungsional, di mana fisioterapi berperan penting dalam mengurangi nyeri, meningkatkan mobilitas sendi, dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas manajemen fisioterapi dalam menurunkan nyeri, meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendi, dan memperbaiki fungsi aktivitas sehari- hari pasien dengan RA. Laporan kasus diambil dari data pasien laki-laki usia 25 tahun dengan keluhan nyeri seluruh tubuh dan keterbatasan aktivitas fungsional akibat rheumathoid arthritis , yang menjalani empat sesi intervensi fisioterapi berupa elektroterapi (IRR, interferensi), manual therapy (muscle release, friction), exercise therapy (stretching, strengthening, isotonic, static contraction, bridging, clamshell, ADL training), serta mobilisasi sendi (traksi-translasi). Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), goniometer, manual muscle test (MMT), dan pengukuran panjang tungkai. Setelah intervensi diperoleh penurunan nyeri (NRS: nyeri diam 2, nyeri tekan 6, nyeri gerak 5), peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi pada regio cervical, shoulder, hip, dan knee, serta perbaikan panjang tungkai dari 84 cm menjadi 85 cm, meskipun kekuatan otot belum menunjukkan perubahan signifikan. Manajemen fisioterapi terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendi pada pasien RA, serta berpotensi memperbaiki fungsi aktivitas sehari-hari apabila dilakukan secara komprehensif dengan pendekatan multidisiplin.
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