Pengaruh Pemberian Latihan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Gangguan Kognitif Anak Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The Effect of Physical Activity Exercises on Cognitive Impairment in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Penelitian intervensi kognitif pada anak dengan Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) hingga saat ini menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi, dengan sebagian besar literatur masih berfokus pada pendekatan farmakologis atau pelatihan kognitif konvensional. Kondisi ini menimbulkan kesenjangan penelitian terkait potensi aktivitas fisik sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologis, khususnya dalam konteks Indonesia, di mana akses terhadap layanan neurobehavioral dan rehabilitasi masih terbatas. Bukti ilmiah terkini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik terstruktur dapat meningkatkan fungsi eksekutif melalui mekanisme neuroplastisitas dan modulasi sistem saraf pusat. Namun, keterbatasan penelitian lokal menegaskan perlunya kajian yang lebih sistematis dan berbasis klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program aktivitas fisik terstruktur berbasis fisioterapi terhadap kemampuan kognitif pada anak dengan ADHD yang disertai gangguan kognitif. Intervensi berupa program latihan fisik terstruktur yang dirancang secara terapeutik untuk menstimulasi perhatian dan memori kerja. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang bermakna secara statistik pada kedua domain kognitif tersebut, dengan selisih rerata sebesar 4,21 poin dan nilai p < 0,01, yang mengindikasikan efektivitas intervensi. Temuan ini mendukung peran fisioterapi berbasis aktivitas fisik sebagai pendekatan rehabilitatif yang potensial dalam meningkatkan performa kognitif anak dengan ADHD di Indonesia.
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