Efek Kombinasi Latihan Keseimbangan dan Resistensi dalam Menurunkan Postural Sway dan Risiko Jatuh pada Lanjut Usia
The Effects of Combined Balance and Resistance Training on Reducing Postural Sway and Fall Risk in Older Adults
Abstract
Jatuh akibat cedera tidak terduga merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua di dunia. Angka kejadian jatuh di Indonesia pada lansia berusia diatas 65 tahun mencapai sekitar 30% dan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Salah satu penyebab jatuh pada lansia adalah penurunan kekuatan otot dan peningkatan postural sway akibat proses penuaan. Latihan fisik terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan risiko jatuh terutama jika diberikan dalam bentuk latihan multikomponen. Kombinasi latihan keseimbangan dan resistensi terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan latihan tunggal karena mampu menurunkan postural sway dan meningkatkan kekuatan otot yang mengarah pada penurunan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek kombinasi latihan keseimbangan dan resistensi terhadap penurunan postural sway dan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Penelitian merupakan studi quasi-experimental dengan desain pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian adalah 44 lansia dengan rentang usia 60-83 tahun yang tinggal di Panti Lansia Budi Dharma dan Panti Lansia Budi Luhur Yogyakarta. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran postural sway dilakukan menggunakan posturometer sedangkan risiko jatuh diukur dengan timed up and go test (TUG). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada selisih antara posttest dan pretest (delta) posturometer antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada selisih antara posttest dan pretest (delta) TUG antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kombinasi latihan keseimbangan dan resistensi selama 8 minggu menurunkan postural sway dan risiko jatuh pada lansia.
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