Dampak Latihan Keseimbangan Otago terhadap Penurunan Risiko Jatuh dan Mobilitas Fungsional pada Lansia dengan Osteoarthritis Lutut
The Effect of Otago Balance Exercise on Reducing Fall Risk and Improving Functional Mobility in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis
Abstract
Lansia dengan osteoarthritis berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan keseimbangan dan peningkatan kejadian jatuh akibat nyeri sendi, kelemahan otot, serta penurunan kontrol postural. Otago Exercise Program (OEP) merupakan intervensi latihan berbasis bukti yang mengombinasikan penguatan otot ekstremitas bawah dan latihan keseimbangan untuk menurunkan risiko jatuh serta meningkatkan mobilitas fungsional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak latihan keseimbangan Otago terhadap penurunan risiko jatuh dan peningkatan mobilitas fungsional pada lansia dengan osteoarthritis. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus dengan pendekatan pre–post test. Intervensi berupa OEP diberikan sebanyak enam sesi. Evaluasi keseimbangan dinamis diukur menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), sedangkan keseimbangan statis diukur menggunakan Functional Reach Test (FRT). Setelah intervensi, terjadi penurunan waktu TUG dari 18 detik menjadi 10,67 detik, serta peningkatan jarak FRT dari 11 cm menjadi 18 cm. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan mobilitas fungsional, kontrol postural, serta penurunan risiko jatuh secara klinis. Dapat disimpulkan Latihan keseimbangan Otago efektif meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis dan statis pada lansia dengan osteoarthritis. Program ini berpotensi menjadi intervensi fisioterapi yang aman, aplikatif, dan direkomendasikan dalam pencegahan jatuh serta peningkatan kemandirian lansia.
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