The Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dan Obesitas terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Penderita Hipertensi
The Relationship between Smoking Habits and Obesity on Sleep Quality in Hypertension Patients
Abstract
Gangguan kualitas tidur sering dialami oleh penderita hipertensi dan dapat memperburuk pengendalian tekanan darah. Faktor gaya hidup seperti kebiasaan merokok dan obesitas diduga berperan dalam terjadinya gangguan tidur melalui mekanisme fisiologis dan metabolik. Namun, hasil penelitian terkait hubungan kebiasaan merokok dan obesitas dengan kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi masih belum konsisten. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan merokok dan obesitas terhadap kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain analitik observasional melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah penderita hipertensi yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kebiasaan merokok diukur menggunakan Indeks Brinkman, obesitas ditentukan berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), dan kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis data bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman, sedangkan analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok dan kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi (r = 0,239; p = 0,032). Sementara itu, tidak terdapat hubungan antara obesitas (IMT) dan kualitas tidur (r = 0,053; p = 0,642). Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan merokok (p = 0,173) dan IMT (p = 0,591) tidak berhubungan terhadap kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi, serta tidak ditemukan adanya multikolinearitas dalam model regresi (VIF < 10). Kebiasaan merokok memiliki hubungan terhadap kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi, sedangkan obesitas tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas tidur. Secara simultan, kebiasaan merokok dan obesitas tidak berhubungan terhadap kualitas tidur pada penderita hipertensi.
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