Proses Fisioterapi pada Kasus Delay Development dengan Patterning Exercise: A Case Report
Physiotherapy Process In Delay Development Cases With Patterning Exercise: A Case Report
Abstract
Keterlambatan tumbuh kembang atau delay development adalah kondisi ketika terjadi keterlambatan proses tumbuh kembang anak pada satu area atau lebih dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Delay development pada aspek motorik adalah ketertinggalan secara signifikan pada fisik, meliputi aktifitas fisik dalam kehuidupan sehari-hari seperti merangkak, duduk, berdiri dan berjalan pada anak bila dibandingkan dengan anak normal seusianya. Permasalahan yang ditemui pada kondisi delay development adanya impairment pada perkembangan motorik dan keterbatasan fungsional seperti belum dapat merangkak, duduk mandiri ataupun berdiri. Dalam hal ini, peran fisioterapi dibutuhkan untuk membantu pemulihan pasien, dengan modalitas fisioterapi yang dipakai pada delay development yakni patterning exercise dengan tujuan meningkatkan kekuatan otot atau tonus postural anak dan meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional. Patterning exercise yang diberikan kepada pasien adalah aktifitas fisik yang akan pasien lakukan sehari-hari seperti latihan dari posisi jongkok ke posisi berdiri ataupun latihan dari kneeling menuju ke posisi berdiri. Keterampilan motorik kasar mengacu pada kemampuan untuk menggunakan kelompok otot utama untuk melakukan gerakan sendi yang teratur sehingga nantinya dapat menghasilkan gerakan aktivitas fungsional dasar seperti berjalan. Anak yang memiliki kemampuan motorik yang tinggi mampu mengintegrasikan gerakan koordinatif antara saraf dan otot, sekaligus mencapai tujuan. Untuk itu, diperlukan pembinaan sejak dini melalui kegiatan yang terukur, teratur, dan berkesinambungan.
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